Factors Affecting the Multi-Layer Welding Points of Mid-Frequency Spot Welding Machines
Mid-frequency spot welding machines standardize the welding parameters for multi-layer welding through experimentation. Numerous tests have shown that the metallographic structure of the weld points is typically columnar, meeting the usage requirements. Tempering treatment can refine the columnar grains, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the spot weld joint to some extent.
Factors affecting the multi-layer welding points of mid-frequency spot welding machines include:
Welding Thermal Cycle: During operation, the heat source moves along the workpiece, causing a thermal cycle where the temperature at a certain point on the workpiece increases and then decreases over time, reaching a maximum value before decreasing again.
Welding Heat-Affected Zone: The region surrounding the weld point undergoes changes in its structural properties due to the welding heat, including the fusion zone, overheated zone, annealed zone, partial phase transformation, etc.
Hot Cracks: High-temperature cracks that occur in the metal near the solidus line during welding, also known as heat cracks or crystalline cracks.
Cold Cracks: Cracks that occur in the welded joint at lower temperatures due to restraint stresses, quenching structures, and hydrogen, also known as quenching cracks.
Preheating: A process measure involving heating the entire or part of the workpiece before welding.
Post-Heating: Immediate post-weld heating of the entire (or part of the) weld to maintain temperature, known as post-heating, aimed at reducing the diffusion of hydrogen in the weld joint, also known as dehydrogenation treatment.
Post-Weld Heat Treatment: Heat treatment conducted after welding to improve the weld’s microstructure or eliminate residual stresses.
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